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DataWeave Operators

DataWeave 2.0 supports several operators, including mathematical operators, equality operators, and operators such as prepend, append and update. Before you begin, note that DataWeave 2.0 is for Mule 4 apps. For Mule 3 apps, refer to DataWeave Operators in the Mule 3.9 documentation. For other Mule versions, you can use the version selector for the Mule Runtime table of contents.

Mathematical Operators

DataWeave 2.0 supports the most common mathematical operators:

Operator Description

+

For addition.

-

For subtraction.

*

For multiplication.

/

For division.

The following example uses mathematical operators:

Source
%dw 2.0
output application/json
---
{ "mathOperators" : [
    { "2 + 2" : (2 + 2) },
    { "2 - 2" : (2 - 2) },
    { "2 * 2" : (2 * 2) },
    { "2 / 2" : (2 / 2) }
  ]
}
Output
{
  "mathOperators": [
    { "2 + 2": 4 },
    { "2 - 2": 0 },
    { "2 * 2": 4 },
    { "2 / 2": 1.0 }
  ]
}

Note that several DataWeave functions operate on numbers, for example: sum, mod (for modulo), and avg (for average).

Equality and Relational Operators

DataWeave 2.0 supports the following equality and relational operators:

Operator Description

<

For less than.

>

For greater than.

<=

For less than or equal to.

>=

For greater than or equal to.

==

For equal to.

~=

Equality operator that tries to coerce one value to the type of the other when the types are different.

Note that you can negate these operators by using the logical operator, not.

The following example uses relational operators:

Source
%dw 2.0
output application/json
---
{ "relational" : [
    { "1 < 1" : (1 < 1) },
    { "1 > 2" : (1 > 2) },
    { "1 <= 1" : (1 <= 1) },
    { "1 >= 1" : (1 >= 1) }
  ]
}
Output
{ "relational": [
    { "(1 < 1)": false },
    { "(1 > 2)": false },
    { "(1 <= 1)": true },
    { "(1 >= 1)": true }
  ]
}

Note that if the operands of the relational operator belong to different types, DataWeave coerces the right-side operand to the type of the left-side operand. For example, in the expression "123" > 12 DataWeave coerces 12 (a Number type) to "12" (a String type) and compares each String value lexicographically. In the expression 123 > "12", DataWeave coerces the String value "12" to the Number value 12 and compares the numbers.

These examples use equality operators:

Source
%dw 2.0
output application/dw
---
{ "equality" :
  [
    (1 == 1),
    (1 == 2),
    ("true" == true),
    ("true" ~= true),
    (['true'] ~= [true]),
    ('1' ~= 1)
  ]
}
Output
{
  equality: [ true, false, false, true, true, true ]
}

Logical Operators

DataWeave 2.0 supports the following logical operators:

Operator Description

not

Negates the result of the input. See also, !.

!

Negates the result of the input. See also, not. Introduced in DataWeave 2.2.0. Supported by Mule 4.2 and later.

and

Returns true if the result of all inputs is true, false if not.

or

Returns true if the result of any input is true, false if not.
Though the semantics of not and ! are the same, their precedence differs. not true or true is executed as not (true or true), so it returns false, whereas !true or true returns true because the ! only applies to the first true. !(true or true) returns false.

The following examples use logical operators:

Source
%dw 2.0
output application/json
var myArray = [1,2,3,4,5]
var myMap = myArray map not (($ mod 2) == 0)
---
{
  "not" : [
    "notTrue" : not true,
    "notFalse" : not false,
    "myMapWithNot" : myMap
  ],
  "and" : [
    "andTrueFalse" : true and false,
    "andIsTrue" : (1 + 1 == 2) and (2 + 2 == 4),
    "andIsFalse" : (1 + 1 == 2) and (2 + 2 == 2)
  ],
  "or" : [
    "orTrueFalse" : true or false,
    "orIsTrue" : (1 + 1 == 2) or (2 + 2 == 2),
    "orIsFalse" : (1 + 1 == 1) or (2 + 2 == 2)
  ],
  "!-vs-not" : [
	  "example-!" : (! true or true),
	  "example-not" : (not true or true)
  ]
}

Note that myMap iterates through the items in a list (myArray) and determines whether the modulo (mod) expression does not evaluate to 0 when applied to each given item.

Output
{
  "not": [
    { "notTrue": false },
    { "notFalse": true },
    { "myMapWithNot": [ true, false, true, false, true ] }
  ],
  "and": [
    { "andTrueFalse": false },
    { "andIsTrue": true },
    { "andIsFalse": false }
  ],
  "or": [
    { "orTrueFalse": true },
    { "orIsTrue": true },
    { "orIsFalse": false }
  ],
  "!-vs-not": [
    { "example-!": true },
    { "example-not": false }
  ]
}

Note that not works in expressions such as not (true), but not(true) (without the space) does not work.

You can use logical operators together. The following example uses:

  • or not as defined in the orNot expression

  • and not in andNot

  • not and and not in notWithAndNot.

%dw 2.0
output application/json
var orNot = if (1 + 1 == 4 or not 1 == 2) {"answer": "foo"}
             else {"answer": "nope"}
var andNot = if (1 + 1 == 2 and not 1 == 2) {"answer": "bar"}
             else {"answer": "nope"}
var notWithAndNot = if (not (1 + 1 == 2 and not 1 == 1)) {"answer": "foobar"}
              else {"answer": "nope"}
---
{ "answers" :
  [
    orNot,
    andNot,
    notWithAndNot
  ]
}
Output
{
  "answers": [
    { "answer": "foo" },
    { "answer": "bar" },
    { "answer": "foobar" }
  ]
}

Prepend, Append, and Remove Operators for Arrays

DataWeave 2.0 supports operators for appending and prepending items within an array:

Operator Description

>>

Prepends data on the left-hand side of the operator to items in the array on the right-hand side. For example, 1 >> [2] results in [ 1, 2 ], prepending 1 to 2 in the array.

<<

Appends data on the right-hand side of the operator to items in the array on the left-hand side. For example, [1] << 2 results in [ 1, 2 ], appending 2 to 1 in the array.

+

Appends data on the right-hand side of the operator to items in the array on the left-hand side. For example, [1] + 2 results in [ 1, 2 ], appending 2 to 1 in the array. The array is always on the left-hand side of the operator.

-

Removes a specified element of any supported type from an array.

The following examples show uses of prepend, append, and remove operators on arrays:

%dw 2.0
output application/json
---
{
  "prepend-append" : [
  	 // Array on right side when prepending.
     { "prepend" : 1 >> [2] },
     { "prepend-number" : 1 >> [1] },
     { "prepend-string" : "a" >> [1] },
     { "prepend-object" : { "a" : "b"} >> [1] },
     { "prepend-array" : [1] >> [2, 3] },
     { "prepend-binary" : (1 as Binary) >> [1] },
     { "prepend-date-time" : |23:57:59Z| >> [ |2017-10-01| ] },
  	 // Array is on left side when appending.
     { "append-number" : [1] << 2 },
     { "append-string" : [1] << "a" },
     { "append-object" : [1] << { "a" : "b"} },
     { "append-array" : [1,2] << [1, 2, 3] },
     { "append-binary" : [1] << (1 as Binary) },
     { "append-date-time" : [ |2017-10-01| ] << |23:57:59Z| },
     { "append-object-to-array" : [1,2] << {"a" : "b"} },
     { "append-array-to-array1" : ["a","b"] << ["c","d"] },
     { "append-array-to-array2" : [["a","b"],["c","d"]] << ["e","f"] },
     // + always appends within the array
     { "append-with-+" : [1] + 2 },
     { "append-with-+" : [2] + 1 },
     { "removeNumberFromArray" : ( [1,2,3] - 2 ) },
     { "removeObjectFromArray" : ( [ {a : "b"}, {c : "d"} , { e : "f"} ] - { c : "d"} ) }
  ]
}
Output
{
  "prepend-append": [
    { "prepend": [ 1, 2 ] },
    { "prepend-number": [ 1, 1 ] },
    { "prepend-string": [ "a", 1 ] },
    { "prepend-array": [ [ 1 ], 2, 3 ] },
    { "prepend-object": [ { "a": "b" }, 1 ] },
    { "prepend-binary": [ "\u0001", 1 ] },
    { "prepend-date-time": [ "23:57:59Z", "2017-10-01" ] },
    { "append-number": [ 1, 2 ] },
    { "append-string": [ 1, "a" ] },
    { "append-object": [ 1, { "a": "b" } ] },
    { "append-array": [ 1, 2, [ 1, 2, 3 ] ] },
    { "append-binary": [ 1, "\u0001" ] },
    { "append-date-time": [ "2017-10-01", "23:57:59Z" ] },
    { "append-object-to-array": [ 1, 2, { "a": "b" } ] },
    { "append-array-to-array1": [ "a", "b", ["c","d"] ] },
    { "append-array-to-array2": [ ["a","b"], ["c","d"], ["e","f"] ] },
    { "append-with-+": [ 1, 2] },
    { "append-with-+": [ 2, 1] },
    { "removeNumberFromArray": [ 1, 3 ] },
    { "removeObjectFromArray": [ { "a": "b" }, { "e": "f" } ] }
  ]
}

Scope and Flow Control Operators

DataWeave 2.0 supports operators that control the flow and scope of expressions:

Table 1. Scope Operators:
Operator Description

do

Creates a scope in which new variables, functions, annotations, or namespaces can be declared and used. The syntax is similar to a mapping in that it is composed of a header and body separated by ---. Its header is where all the declarations are defined, and its body is the result of the expression. See do and Examples: Local DataWeave Variables for examples.

using

Replaced by do. Supported for backwards compatibility only.
Table 2. Flow Control Operators:
Operator Description

if else

An if operator evaluates a conditional expression and returns the value under the if only if the conditional expression is true. Otherwise, it returns the expression under else. Every if expression must have a matching else expression. See if else for an example.

else if

An else operator chains expressions together within an if-else construct by incorporating else if. See else if for an example.

Update Operator

DataWeave supports the update operator, which enables you to update specified fields of a data structure with new values.

Introduced in DataWeave 2.3.0. Supported by Mule 4.3 and later.

The following example shows use of the update operator, assume that you receive the next object as input:

{
    "name": "Ken",
    "lastName":"Shokida",
    "age": 30
}

Prior to Mule 4.3, to increase the age value by one without using the update operator or recreating the object again, the way to accomplish this was using the following DataWeave syntax:

payload mapObject ((value,key) ->
    if(key as String == "age")
       {(key): value as Number + 1}
    else
       {(key): value} )

Using the update operator it is simplified to:

payload update {
    case age at .age -> age + 1
}

As shown in the previous example with the update operator there is no need for casting or going through all the key value pairs. The update syntax is as follows:

<value_to_update> update {
    case <variable_name> at <update_expression>[!]? [if(<conditional_expression>)]? -> <new value>
    ...
}

  • value_to_update represents the original value that is going to be updated.

  • update_expression is the selector expression that is going to match a given value of the value_to_update

  • variable_name is the name of the variable that is going to bind to the matched update_expression existing value.

  • new_value is the expression with the new value.

  • [if(<conditional_expression>)]? If conditional_expression is true then the value is update. This section is optional and only required for Optional update.

  • [!] marks the selector as an upsert. When marking the expression with ! if the expression doesn’t match anything, the update operator creates all the required elements and inserts the new value.

  • update_expression supports multiple case expressions.

The update operator doesn’t mutate the existing value but rather create a new one with the updated expressions.

Selector Expressions

Use selector expressions with the update operator to specify which fields should be updated.

Value Selector

This matching selector allows to match any field value of a given object.

The following example updates a field at the root level and a field in a nested level using the value selector:

Input
{
    "name": "Ken",
    "lastName":"Shokida",
    "age": 30,
    "address": {
        "street": "Amenabar",
        "zipCode": "AB1234"
    }
}
Source
%dw 2.0
output application/json
---
payload update {
    case age at .age -> age + 1
    case s at .address.street -> "First Street"
}
Output
{
  "name": "Ken",
  "lastName": "Shokida",
  "age": 31,
  "address": {
    "street": "First Street",
    "zipCode": "AB1234"
  }
}

Index Selector

This matching selector allows to match any array by its index.

The following example updates an element that is at the first location of the array:

Input
{
    "name": "Ken",
    "lastName":"Shokida",
    "age": 30,
    "addresses": [{
        "street": "Amenabar",
        "zipCode": "AB1234"
    }]
}
Source
%dw 2.0
output application/json
---
payload update {
    case s at .addresses[0] -> {
        "street": "Second Street",
        "zipCode": "ZZ123"
    }
}
Output
{
  "name": "Ken",
  "lastName": "Shokida",
  "age": 30,
  "addresses": [
    {
      "street": "Second Street",
      "zipCode": "ZZ123"
    }
  ]
}

Attribute Selector

This matching selector allows to match any attribute value.

The following example updates an attribute value and changes it to upper case:

Input
<user name="leandro"/>
Source
%dw 2.0
output application/json
---
payload update {
    case name at .user.@name -> upper(name)
}
Output
<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?>
<user name="LEANDRO"/>

Dynamic Selector

Any of the given selectors can use an expression to make it dynamic.

The following example selects and updates a value where the field to be updated is in a variable and not hardcoded. In this case from the variable theFieldName with value name:

Input
{
    "name": "Ken",
    "lastName":"Shokida"
}
Source
%dw 2.0
output application/json
var theFieldName = "name"
---
payload update {
    case s at ."$(theFieldName)" -> "Shoki"
}
Output
{
  "name": "Shoki",
  "lastName": "Shokida"
}

Conditional Update

The update operator has a syntax to write a conditional update if you only want to modify a field under a given condition.

The following example updates the category based on the name of the user:

Input
[{"name": "Ken", "age": 30}, {"name": "Tomo", "age": 70}, {"name": "Kajika", "age": 10}]
Source
%dw 2.0
output application/json
---
payload map ((user) ->
    user update {
        case name at .name if(name == "Ken") -> name ++ " (Leandro)"
        case name at .name if(name == "Tomo") -> name ++ " (Christian)"
    }
)
Output
[
  {
    "name": "Ken (Leandro)",
    "age": 30
  },
  {
    "name": "Tomo (Christian)",
    "age": 70
  },
  {
    "name": "Kajika",
    "age": 10
  }
]

Upserting

The update operator enables you to insert a field if it is not present by using the ! symbol at the end of the selector expression. When the field is not present the value null is going to be bound to the variable.

The following example updates the category based on the name of the user:

Input
[{"lastName": "Doe"}, {"lastName": "Parker", "name": "Peter" }]
Source
%dw 2.0
output application/json
---
payload  map ((user) ->
    user update {
        case name at .name! -> if(name == null) "JOHN" else upper(name)
    }
)
Output
[
  {
    "lastName": "Doe",
    "name": "JOHN"
  },
  {
    "lastName": "Parker",
    "name": "PETER"
  }
]

Sugar Syntax

The update operator allows to write a shorter version syntax to avoid some boilerplate code by using a default variable named $.

The following example uses the same Value selector example but using simpler syntax:

Input
{
    "name": "Ken",
    "lastName":"Shokida",
    "age": 30,
    "address": {
        "street": "Amenabar",
        "zipCode": "AB1234"
    }
}
Source
%dw 2.0
output application/json
---
payload update {
    case .age -> $ + 1
    case .address.street -> "First Street"
}
Output
{
  "name": "Ken",
  "lastName": "Shokida",
  "age": 31,
  "address": {
    "street": "First Street",
    "zipCode": "AB1234"
  }
}

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